All for One - 1927 Words

Team F | FastCat | Compensation and Rewards | | Spring 2011 | Intro FastCat’s priority is to increase revenue and the new pay structure will accomplish that goal in the long run. The new, cost containment, policy rewards, among other things, behavior aligned with FastCat’s objectives. This in turn will increase revenue, innovation, and customer satisfaction. This new system will need to be assessed over time to make improvements. Choosing a multiple job structure with a person-based pay will allow FastCat to utilize a hybrid structure. We have decided to lead with pay in the more critical jobs and match with the remainder jobs which include low skill or are entry level positions. We have assessed present salaries, created a†¦show more content†¦To offset this, we have designed a merit and bonus plan. Merit Plan The merit pay will increase FastCat expenses; however, it will be worth the cost as the employees who received pay increases will receive raises based on merit. Only 68% of FastCat’s employees will receive merit pay; that is a $28,769 increase. Providing bonuses for workers, who perform their jobs effectively, according to measurable criteria, should increase overall performance within FastCat. According to the original merit plan, the rating system used valid and valuable criteria but the uneven distribution suggested its extreme leniency. Over 68% of the employees exceeded expectations (Appendix 3.2.1 – 3.2.2). To correct this, FastCat should implement a 360 degree feedback program. This will not only encourage teamwork, but it will give employees clarity and challenge them to improve. This directly supports FastCat’s goals of controlling costs, increasing revenue, and creating a team oriented culture The new merit distribution is stricter and has a forced distribution that should help control costs (Appendix 3.2.3). Indeed, merit plans are susceptible to bias. If this occurs, FastCat should consider hiring outside auditors to assess individuals at the company. For now, the 360 degree program should prevent and/or alleviate such issues. Communication is key in implementing this new plan as sometimesShow MoreRelatedAll for One and One for All in the Declaration of Independence796 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, informing it of the intentions of the colonies. These intentions are presented in a list, ranging from absolv[ing] from all Allegiance to the British Crown to hav[ing] full Power (U.S. 1776). The list progresses in a specific manner, starting with what the colonies must do first and moving on to the following goals that can only be reached if the preceding one is accomplished. The final touch that really strengthens the Declaration of Independence is the signatures that follow the conclusionRead MoreThey Used to Call Me Piggy796 Words   |  3 Pagesis considerably the most realistic one on the island. 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Bus405 Final Project Free Essays

string(224) " heavy emphasis on small-capitalization stocks or growth stocks with relatively high market valuations; holdings of international stocks or bonds, which are subject to price declines caused by changes in the value of the U\." Final Project Ashford University Trena Mealor Dr. James Prentice August 27, 2012 ? Final Project Investing in the total stock market allows an investor to capture the return of the stock market while at the same time diversifying an investment portfolio. The easiest way to build a total stock market portfolio is with a mutual fund or an exchange traded fund. We will write a custom essay sample on Bus405 Final Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now This particular portfolio is diversified with Vanguard ETF’s that were carefully chosen to seek the highest return with moderately aggressive to aggressive risk strategy. The investment strategy associated with this portfolio is short-term with an aggressive attitude of â€Å"more risk more reward†. 7/24 priceInvestment Amount# of Shares8/13 priceValue Vanguard Consumer Discretionary ETF – (VCR)67. 8910000147. 2970971. 7410567. 0932 Vanguard Financial ETF – (VFH)30. 2510000330. 578531. 5810439. 6690 Vanguard Growth ETF – (VUG)66. 9110000149. 454570. 4810533. 5531 Vanguard Information Technology ETF – (VGT)66. 9310000149. 409871. 7710723. 1413 Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond ETF – (VGIT)86. 9410000115. 154386. 579968. 9077 50,00052232. 36 Exchange Traded Funds, also known as ETFs, are mini-portfolios of securities and derivatives that track an asset like an index and/or commodity. When creating a portfolio, it is important to note that there is a difference between diversifiable risk and market risk. According to Elton (1977), diversifiable risk may be caused by random events that are particular to an individual firm. Since these events are random, the influence of events, such as a lawsuit or strike can be almost eliminated via diversification. However, diversification cannot entirely eliminate market risk. Market risk ffects most firms. Examples of market risk include war, recessions and high interest rates. By researching the portfolio funds, the investor can gain an understanding of risk and how it fits into diversification. A single stock has more risk of not creating a positive return than a stock portfolio. In a market dominated by risk-averse investors, riskier securities must have higher expected returns Ross , Westerfield Jordan (1993) indicates, the principle of diversification tells us that the spreading of an investment across a number of assets will eliminate some but not all the risk. Unsystematic risk is essentially eliminated by diversification, so a relatively large portfolio has almost no unsystematic risk. Ong (1982) mentions that diversification can reduce the overall portfolio risk. However, the possibility for the risk reduction depends on the correlation coefficient and the proportion of the total funds invested in each. According to Jordan, etal (2012), the benchmark for a well-diversified portfolio would be a portfolio of all stocks in the market. Relevant market risk of the stocks within the portfolio is calculated using a beta coefficient. Accordingly, a stock with a high beta will bring a lot of risk to the portfolio. The authors further explain, as you calculate the beta for various stocks, you may begin to see groupings of low, average and high beta risk. Beta measures the stock’s risk relative to the stock market average. Calculate the weighted average of these groupings, and you will discover the market risk for the entire portfolio. A â€Å"low† beta is generally 1. 0 or below. The average beta is 1. 00 and assets with a beta greater than 1. 00 have more than average systematic risk. Rosenberg and Guy (1995) further explain the importance of beta as the value of beta measures the expected response to market returns and because the vast majority of returns in diversified portfolios can be explained by their response to the market, an accurate prediction of beta is the most important single element in predicting the future behavior of a portfolio. To the degree that one believes that one can forecast the future direction of market movement, a forecast of beta, by predicting the degree of response to that movement, provides a prediction of the resultant portfolio return. To the degree that one is uncertain about the future movement of the market, the forecast of beta, by determining one’s exposure to that uncertainty, provides a prediction of portfolio risk. We begin with the first description of the portfolio. Unlike mutual funds or index baskets, the investor does not have to make multiple transactions in order to achieve a market price. With ETFs it’s one trade, one price. The first fund in this portfolio is Vanguard Consumer Discretionary ETF. From July 24, 2012 to August 13, 2012 the value has risen from $67. 9 to $71. 14. The annual investment returns of this ETF are: Annual investment returns as of 12/31/2011 (Vanguard, 2012) Year EndedVanguard Consumer Discretionary ETFSpliced US IMI Consumer Discr 25/50* Capital Return by NAVIncome Return by NAVTotal Return by NAVTotal Return by Market PriceTotal Return 20112. 28%1. 42%3. 71%3. 70%3. 83% 201029. 30%1. 27%30. 57%30. 62%30. 87% The Vanguard Consumer Discretionary ETF is generatin g 0. 16% of daily returns assuming volatility of 0. 71% on return distribution over 30 days investment horizon. MERGENT online indicates, the one month beta on this investment is 1. 03. This EFT includes stocks of companies that manufacture products and provide services that consumers purchase on a discretionary basis. The following risks are associated with this type of ETF: Stock market risk, Sector risk, Non-diversification and Investment style risk (Vanguard, 2012). Vanguard Consumer Discretionary ETF fund’s manufacturing segment includes the following industries: automotive, household durable goods, textiles and apparel, and leisure equipment. The services segment includes hotels, restaurants and other leisure facilities, media production and services, and consumer retailing. The next fund in this portfolio is Vanguard Financial ETF, which includes stocks of companies that provide financial services. The investment has a one month beta of 0. 73 which indicates that the investment is 73% less risky than the average. This ETF fund is classified as aggressive is subject to extremely wide fluctuations in share prices. The unusually high volatility associated with these funds may stem from one or more of the following strategies: a concentration of fund holdings in a relatively low number of individual stocks, or in a particular sector of the stock market, or in a particular geographical region of the world; a heavy emphasis on small-capitalization stocks or growth stocks with relatively high market valuations; holdings of international stocks or bonds, which are subject to price declines caused by changes in the value of the U. You read "Bus405 Final Project" in category "Papers" S. ollar against foreign currencies; or investments in bonds that have exceptionally long average durations, whose prices are highly sensitive to changes in interest rates. According to the Wall Street Journal online, the annual investment returns of this ETF: Annual investment returns as of 12/31/2011 (Vanguard, 2012): Year EndedVanguard Financials ETFSpliced US IMI Consumer Discr 25/50* Capital Return by NAVIncome Retur n by NAVTotal Return by NAVTotal Return by Market PriceTotal Return 2011-16. 04%1. 69%-14. 35%-14. 35%-14. 24% 201013. 15%1. 58%14. 74%14. 77%14. 7% Vanguard Financials ETF seeks to track the investment performance of the MSCI US Investable Market Financials 25/50 Index, a benchmark of large-, mid-, and small-cap U. S. stocks in the financials sector, as classified under the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS). This GICS sector is made up of companies involved in activities such as banking, mortgage finance, consumer finance, specialized finance, investment banking and brokerage, asset management and custody, corporate lending, insurance, financial investment, and real estate (including REITs). The next ETF in this portfolio is the Moderately-Aggressive Vanguard Growth ETF with a closing price of $66. 91 on July 24, 2012 and an ending close of $70. 48 on August 13, 2012. The one month beta on this investment is 0. 99 with a positive strong direction. Annual investment returns as of 12/31/2011 (Vanguard, 2012): Year EndedVanguard Growth ETFMSCI US Prime Market Growth Index* Capital Return by NAVIncome Return by NAVTotal Return by NAVTotal Return by Market PriceTotal Return 20110. 0%1. 27%1. 87%1. 84%1. 96% 201015. 66%1. 46%17. 11%17. 15%17. 23% An investment in this the fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The investor should expect the fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range, like the fluctuations of the overall stock market. Vanguard funds classified as moderate to aggressive are broadly diversified but are subject to wide fluctuations in share price because they hold virtually all of their assets in common stocks. In general, such funds are appropriate for investors who have a long-term investment horizon (ten years or longer), who are seeking growth in capital as a primary objective, and who are prepared to endure the sharp and sometimes prolonged declines in share prices that occur from time to time in the stock market. This price volatility is the trade-off for the potentially high returns that common stocks can provide. The level of current income produced by funds in this category ranges from moderate to very low. The type of risks associated with this investment is: stock market risk and investment style risk. The chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising stock prices and periods of falling stock prices. The fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular sector, category, or group of companies. Because the fund seeks to track its target index, the fund may underperform the overall stock market. The chance that returns from large-capitalization growth stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large-cap stocks tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. The next investment in the portfolio is Vanguard information technology ETF. This ETF seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks in the information technology sector. With a one month beta of 1. 1, this fund is passively managed, using a full-replication strategy when possible and a sampling strategy if regulatory constraints dictate. Includes stocks of companies that serve the electronics and computer industries or that manufacture products based on the latest applied science. The risk potential for this fund is aggressive, more risk more reward. Annual investment returns as of 12/31/2011 (Vanguard, 2012) Year EndedVanguard Information Technology ETFMSCI US Prime Market Growth Index* Capital Return by NAVIncome Return by NAVTotal Return by NAVTotal Return by Market PriceTotal Return 2011-0. 28%0. 80%0. 52%0. 53%0. 66% 201012. 08%0. 66%12. 74%12. 67%12. 99% Vanguard Information Technology ETF is made up of companies in the following three general areas: technology software and services, including companies that primarily develop software in various fields (such as the Internet, applications, systems, databases, management, and/or home entertainment), and companies that provide information technology consulting and services, data processing, and outsourced services; technology hardware and equipment, including manufacturers and distributors of communications equipment, computers and peripherals, electronic equipment, and related instruments; and semiconductors and semiconductor equipment manufacturers. Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond ETF which seeks to provide a moderate and sustainable level of current income. Invests primarily in high-quality (investment-grade) corporate bonds. Moderate interest rate risk, with a dollar-weighted average maturity of 5 to 10 years. Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond ETF seeks to track the performance of a market-weighted corporate bond index with an intermediate-term dollar-weighted average maturity. The fund invests by sampling the index, meaning that it holds a range of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the full index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. Annual investment returns as of 12/31/2011 (Vanguard, 2012) Year EndedVanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond ETFMSCI US Prime Market Growth Index* Capital Return by NAVIncome Return by NAVTotal Return by NAVTotal Return by Market PriceTotal Return 20113. 77%4. 17%7. 94%8. 97%8. 03% 20106. 16%4. 48%10. 65%9. 88%10. 80% All of the fund’s investments will be selected through the sampling process and at least 80% of the fund’s assets will be invested in bonds included in the index. The fund maintains a dollar-weighted average maturity consistent with that of the index. An investment in the fund could lose money over short or even long periods. The fund’s performance could be hurt by: Interest rate risk: The chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk should be moderate for the fund because it invests primarily in intermediate-term bonds, whose prices are less sensitive to interest rate changes than are the prices of long-term bonds. Income risk: The chance that the fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. Credit risk: The chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline. Index sampling risk: The chance that the securities selected for the fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the index. Index sampling risk for the fund should be low. Annual investment returns as of 12/31/2011 (Vanguard, 2012) Year EndedVanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond ETFMSCI US Prime Market Growth Index* Capital Return by NAVIncome Return by NAVTotal Return by NAVTotal Return by Market PriceTotal Return 20113. 77%4. 17%7. 94%8. 97%8. 03% 20106. 16%4. 48%10. 65%9. 88%10. 80% ETFs combine the advantages of both index funds and stocks. They are liquid, easy to use and can be traded in any quantity just like stocks. At the same time an ETF provides the diversification, market coverage and low expenses of an index fund. These characteristics combine to create an investment tool that provides investors with the broad exposure they require, at the level they want; at the moment they need it. As such, they are fast gaining a reputation as an innovative investment solution – a claim greatly supported by the accelerated growth in ETFs. Reference Elton, E, Gruber, M. (1977), Risk, reduction and portfolio size: an analytical solution. Journal of Business. Vol. 50, 415-437. Hope-Bell, E. (2008). Focus on: Index investing – exchange traded funds – an innovative investment solution. Professional Wealth Management, , 1-n/a. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/205081570? accountid=32521 Jordan, B. , Miller, T. , Dolvin, S. (2012). Fundamentals of investments, valuation andmanagement (6th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. MERGENT Online. Retrieved from http://www. mergentonline. com/companydetail. php? pagetype=highlightscompnumber=116548 Ong, Poh Wah (1982). Measuring the expected return and risk of combining several shares in an investment portfolio. Securities Industry Review. Vol. 8, No I, 6-16. Rosenberg, B. , Guy, J. (1995). Prediction of beta from investment fundamentals. Financial Analysts Journal, 51(1), 101-101. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/219118485? accountid=32521 Ross, S. , Westerfield, W. , Jordan, B. (1993). Fundamentals of corporate finance, 2nd ed. , Richard D. Irwin, Inc. https://personal. vanguard. com/us/home Vanguard (2012). Retrieved from https://personal. vanguard. com/us/home Wall Street Journal online. (2012). Retrieved from http://online. wsj. com/home-page How to cite Bus405 Final Project, Papers

Corruption In Government Business Busidate †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Corruption In Government Business Busidate? Answer: Introducation Australia was ranked 13th in the transparency Internationals global corruption index in the for the second year. This index evaluates the perception of corruptions that occur in public service. Major forms of corruption are related to mining industry and foreign bribery in Australia. Corruption has the potential to create catastrophic harm to the overall economic growth of the country. This essay aims to illustrate the various bribing scandals that occurred in Australia and the anti-corruption polcies and legislation that need to be enforced. Professor AJ Brown is a member professor of the Transparency International Australia board."We have every reason to be concerned that next year, unless we start to take some concrete steps to build international confidence, then this may just have just been a little step on a continued way down," Professor Brown said (Direct quote). One of the corruption case was noted when a scandal took place where two firms owned by the Reserve Bank of Australia called the Securency and Note printing Australia were charged with the case of bribing foreign officials so that they can win back note contracts in the year 2013 (ABC News 2017) (News article). Many researchers are of the opinion that illicit flow of funds into Australia and particularly from Asia has been one of the significant problems for which proper laws need to be places with correct transparency (Watt 2015). Moreover, there are two important Australian companies who have embroiled in the different bribery scandals which reach into the offices of the presidents of Sri Lanka as well as the Republic of Congo. These organizations are believed to have been engaged in multimillion dollar contracts (ABC News 2017) (News article). It has been found that Perth based mining industry called the Sundance Resources had bribed the leaders of the Republic of Congo since they required presidential approval in 2007 as they were in need of the Africas most ambitious iron projects of Australia. When the Australian Federal police had conducted an investigation, it showed that a secret share of deal which had a worth of millions of dollars was brokered with the son of Congos despotic president namely Denis Sassou Nguesso. In this regard, the company had successfully captured the presidents support for backing up the project (Belasen and Toma 2015). Another important scandal came into news which included iconic Snowy Mountains Engineering Company (SMEC). The overseas staff of the organization has bribed the officials to secure a $ 2.3 million aid-funded sewerage project in the nation of Sri Lanka in the year 2011. Not only that, they developed a partnership with the Canadian company and together bribed a $ 2.2 million power plant project in the nation of Bangladesh on the year 2007 (Nick McKenzie, 2017). A deal was signed with the Sri Lankan cabinet minister called Mr. Sirisena who was given bribes from the Australian company in the form of donations for which Sirisena would approve the awarding of the dam contract to the organization (ABC News 2017) (News article). Another corruption which had shook the business world of the nation is the scandal of the head of the Primary healthcare namely Peter Gregg as well as his former employer Leightons Holdings and engineering group called WorsleysParsons getting involved in Bribery and corruption. Gregg was found to make a whopping payment of $ 15 million which he claimed to be a legitimate payment but could not prove it (Nick McKenzie 2017). Tabcorp had been also in vestigated by the Federal police as it was engaged in bribing the Cambodian prime minister when the company wanted to get gaming license in the country (Breen et al. 2017) (Academic journal). It is seen form from the discussion that there are many organisations as well as the people who are facing the corruption on the daily basis. In most of the cases it has been seen that a company might be asked by a government official of a foreign country for payment or amount of money in order to pass a licence which will help the organisation to sell a product to consumers there. there are times when the company can only enter into a potential growth markets if they do not provide money to the official. This has been a common form of corruption in the present day and there should be proper solution for it. Effective leadership in today's environment is extremely important where the corruption is prevalent. By participating in different kinds of training activities as well as setting the organisations code of ethics, the leader can set up an example for the employees. This example would be helpful in serving as a reference point for the employees as to how they should act ethically when such a challenging situation arises. Battling corruption does not only include complying with the laws and staying out for being discussed in the headlines. The main importance of battling corruption is that it has a requirement from the leaders to demonstrate activities as well as physical commitment for dealing with the case. In order to achieve this the leaders need to be engaged with their organisations processes of anti corruption. In course of time when this process becomes outdated it is necessary for the leaders to take initiative for their improvement. The leaders should remember that they would be the principal figures who will set the tone of the organisation order to properly establish the examples of ethical conduct. They must be the person who would be able to answer all the difficult questions of the employees as well as the business partners. And other important thing that the leadership keep an eye on is to help the policy makers in adopting tougher laws and re gulations and should step up for their efforts to combat the problem.Ethical behaviour should be the foundation of the initiative and should undertake good corporate governance.They should also encompass business practices at different levels that start from board as well as to employee levels. Both the board and the employees take initiative individually from their own sides to stop corruption (Belasen and Toma 2015). Boards should play an important role by developing incentive structures for the employees which would help to support and ethical leadership and it among senior management. As is seen from the discussion that Global leaders are mainly in the front lines of the battle against production. It is in their hands that they should publicly support anti-bribery laws and speak out against corruption practices. They should also make sure that this that the right to which would ensure that each employee would understand the different types of conduct that are acceptable and thos e which should not be accepted. The leaders should demonstrate their commitment to act against bribery by ensuring that the company address even the minor of the details. This initiative of the leaders should include a thorough background check on suppliers as well as taking the reference checks during the different types of hiring processes. The chairman of Transparency International's Australian subsidiary called Mr. Whealy are of the opinion that unless the anti money laundering regime cannot be developed by Australia, it would continue to fall in the different corruption rankings (Indirect quote). Brown had also stated that "The big gap is in the lack of a federal anti-corruption agency to really cover the gaps that we know exist in terms of public officials and parliamentarians being covered by the right sort of oversight," (direct quote). He had stated that there is urgent need to develop a better vision and there is also an urgency to control the source form where money is coming from. A number of strategies should be initiated by the government with strictness in action. Firstly, there should be proper policies which should be up to date, relevant as well as tailored for the organization as well as to the industry where it operates. Secondly the procedures should be well documented with audited for compliance (Had dad 2017) (Academic journal). Thirdly, a proper culture with top down and bottom up would help in the promotion of transparency and also reward those which identify the corruption and fraud. This would also take steps to protect those who had come forward form adverse action. Fourthly, a proper framework for fraud and corruption control which is necessary for the effective management of the situation is necessary. This would also assign responsibility and also outline the obligations of key stakeholders. Fifthly, a 24/7 hotline for the whistleblowers should be provided with protected disclosure policy. Proper employment screening should also be conducted would be conducted following proper rules. Training should also be conducted which would be tailored as well as relevant and delivered not only at the time of induction but on an ongoing basis (ABC News 2017) (News Article). It shouldbe noted that leadership and proper corporate governance are not the ultimate solution to production process but with proper values and commitment to different kinds of ethical standards, they can help to create a wonderful walking place where corruption becomes the exception rather than the goal followed. Policy and enforcement efforts should be continued so that there can be the shift of the landscape of compliance for different kinds of Global Business leaders. In today's world it is much easier to remain connected and therefore each and every business leaders should carry great power and influence the way others can conduct business. The organisational culture should be developed by them by installing ethics and compliance and by promoting core values setting proper Expectations and providing various kinds of incentive. All these measures would ultimately help in going a long way for achieving the best productivity of the organisation and also help in developing innovate , a creative job and promotion of fair and dynamic markets. It is extremely important for the administrative bodies and the Australian federal police to take important initiatives like proper policy, harsh punishment, greater penalties, as well as the respective organizations to implement strategies to reduce corruption at both the levels in Australia. References ABC News. 2017.Australia fails to improve ranking in global corruption index. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-25/australia-fails-to-improve-ranking-in-global-corruption-index/8212226 [Accessed 19 Sep. 2017]. (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-25/australia-fails-to-improve-ranking-in-global-corruption-index/8212226) Belasen, A.T. and Toma, R. eds., 2015.Confronting Corruption in Business: Trusted Leadership, Civic Engagement. Routledge. (https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=QbE0CwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Belasen,+A.T.+and+Toma,+R.+eds.,+2015.+Confronting+Corruption+in+Business:+Trusted+Leadership,+Civic+Engagement.+Routledge.ots=NylcSIFOzXsig=nlIuSXEW2PF1tJfKc35CjphaL7E#v=onepageq=Belasen%2C%20A.T.%20and%20Toma%2C%20R.%20eds.%2C%202015.%20Confronting%20Corruption%20in%20Business%3A%20Trusted%20Leadership%2C%20Civic%20Engagement.%20Routledge.f=false) Breen, M., Gillanders, R., McNulty, G. and Suzuki, A., 2017. Gender and corruption in business.The Journal of Development Studies,53(9), pp.1486-1501. (article provided b1) Eicher, S. ed., 2016.Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity. CRC Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=na8oDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Eicher,+S.+ed.,+2016.+Corruption+in+international+business:+The+challenge+of+cultural+and+legal+diversity.+CRC+Press.ots=Xe3G-fyNK7sig=m1ZYOzirtF4f6ocJuseRWCxsOH0#v=onepageqf=false Haddad, C., 2017. Foreign Direct Investment Regulation, Business Taxes, and Corruption: Cross-Country Study of Foreign Bank Presence. Nick McKenzie, R. 2017.Australian companies linked to bribe scandals in Sri Lanka and Congo. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/australian-companies-linked-to-bribe-scandals-in-sri-lanka-and-congo-20160823-gqyzlp.html [Accessed 19 Sep. 2017]. (it is a news article) https://www.smh.com.au/business/australian-companies-linked-to-bribe-scandals-in-sri-lanka-and-congo-20160823-gqyzlp.html Watt, B., 2015. Corruption in government and business.Busidate,23(2), p.5. (It has to be bought by the student as it is a paid text book)