Saturday, May 23, 2020

How Wasps Build Their Nests From Wood

Paper wasps, yellowjackets, and bald-faced hornets all make paper nests, though the size, shape, and location of their nests differ. Paper wasps build umbrella-shaped nests suspended underneath eaves and overhangs. Bald-faced hornets construct large, football-shaped nests. Yellowjackets make their nests underground. Regardless of where a wasp builds its nest or what shape the nest is,  the process wasps use to construct their nests is generally the same. Turning Wood Into Paper Wasps are expert paper makers, capable of turning raw wood into sturdy paper homes. A wasp queen uses her mandibles to scrape bits of wood fiber from fences, logs, or even cardboard. She then breaks the wood fibers down in her mouth, using saliva and water to weaken them. The wasp flies to her chosen nest site with a mouth full of soft paper pulp. Construction begins with finding a suitable support for the nest – a window shutter, a tree branch, or a root in the case of subterranean nests. Once she has settled on a suitable location, the queen adds her pulp to the surface of the support. As the wet cellulose fibers dry, they become a strong paper buttress from which she will suspend her nest. The nest itself is comprised of hexagonal cells in which the young will develop. The queen protects the brood cells by building a paper envelope, or cover, around them. The nest expands as the colony grows in number, with new generations of workers constructing new cells as needed. Old wasp nests degrade naturally over the winter months, so each spring new ones must be constructed. Wasps, yellowjackets, and bald-faced hornets dont overwinter. Only the mated queens hibernate during the cold months, and these queens choose the nesting sites and begin the nest building process in spring. Which Wasps Make Nests? The wasp nests we frequently encounter are made by wasps in the family Vespidae. Vespid wasps that construct paper nests include paper wasps (Polistes spp.) and yellowjackets (both  Vespula  spp. and  Dolichovespula  spp.). Although we commonly refer to them as hornets, bald-faced hornets are not true hornets (which are classified in the genus  Vespa). Bald-faced hornets, Dolichovespula maculata, are actually yellowjackets. Controlling Wasps Nests Although paper wasps, yellowjackets, and bald-faced hornets can and will sting if threatened, that doesnt mean you need to destroy every nest you find.  In many cases, you can leave the nests alone. If a family member has a venom allergy, thats certainly a legitimate reason for concern and measures should be taken to minimize the risk of a potentially lethal sting. If wasps located their nest in close proximity to or on a play structure, that can be a concern as well. Use your judgment, but dont assume every wasp nest will put you at risk of being stung. Why should you let a colony of stinging wasps live in your yard? Nest-making social wasps are largely beneficial insects. Paper wasps and bald-faced hornets prey on other insects and play an important role in controlling plant pests. If you eliminate these wasps entirely, you may give garden and landscape pests free reign to destroy your prized ornamentals and vegetables. Many yellowjackets are also entirely predatory and therefore beneficial, but there are a few species that scavenge on carrion or dead insects and also forage on sugars. These are the wasps that cause us trouble because theyll gladly sip your soda and then sting you when you try to swat them away. If scavenging yellowjackets are a problem in your yard, then it might be worth taking measures to prevent wasps from establishing nests.  Problem wasps include: western yellowjackets (Vespula pensylvanica)eastern yellowjackets (Vespula maculifrons)common yellowjackets (Vespula vulgaris)southern yellowjackets (Vespula squamosa)German yellowjackets (Vespula germanica) - introduced to North America Resources and Further Reading Cranshaw, Whitney, and Richard Redak. Bugs Rule!: an Introduction to the World of Insects. Princeton University, 2013.Gullan, P. J., and P. S. Cranston. The Insects: an Outline of Entomology. 4th ed., Wiley Blackwell, 2010.Jacobs, Steve. â€Å"Baldfaced Hornet.† Department of Entomology (Penn State University), Pennsylvania State University, Feb. 2015.

Monday, May 18, 2020

National Prohibition Was Loved By Many And Hated By Others

National Prohibition was loved by some and hated by others. According to Reverend Floyd W. Tomkins national Prohibition was a utilitarian necessity that America needed. Tomkins recognized the â€Å"menace of intoxicating drink to the peace and safety of a community.† His view was that the consumption of alcohol could not be done in moderation and could not be confined to dive establishments. Tomkins saw alcohol as an infections disease that infiltrated peoples family’s and homes which in turn ruined their lives. Manufacturing businesses were also generally in favor of Prohibition. General manager N.G. Spangler of The Jackson Iron and Steel Co. reaped the benefits that came from nationwide alcohol banning. Spangler elaborates on how Prohibition†¦show more content†¦These men were more focused on their family and improving their lives and planning for their family’s future. Prohibition also received praise from the citizens. It was an act of sacrificing their own desires, because â€Å"it has made very difficult the acquisition by them of the means wherewith to satisfy their destructive thirst.† In combining these opinions one can conclude that Prohibition despite the opposition it faces that it had thus been successful and was there to stay. The utilitarian perspective of Prohibition supports the belief that the enactment of the 18th Amendment was a triumph for society. During the same year as Tomkins, W. H. Stayton, member of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment published a rebuttal to the argument of the 18th Amendment being a positive addition to the American legislature. Stayton realizes the dangers of excessive drinking but identifies Prohibition as an experiment by a legislature that has a distorted vision. Rather than banning liquor manufacturing Stayton suggests that there be an investigation into why excessive drinking occurs in order to control the source. Stayton believes that rather than having a n absolute prohibition there should be regulation and restriction. His article seeks to answer the questions as to if national prohibition laws had thus far accomplished d their purpose? Are there any benefits? The original intent of the Prohibition laws was to stop the use of

Monday, May 11, 2020

Language Notes on the Use of Aint in English

Only one rule of English usage has ever made its way into a childrens jump-rope rhyme: Dont say aint or your mother will faint,Your father will fall in a bucket of paint,Your sister will cry, your brother will die,Your cat and dog will call the FBI. Though frequently heard in casual speech, aint has been described as the most stigmatized word in English. Dictionaries usually label it dialectal or nonstandard, while some purists even deny its right to exist, insisting that aint isnt a word. What is it about this simple negative contraction that agitates language mavens and spreads fear on the playground? As these notes demonstrate, the answer is surprisingly complex. Quotes About Aint Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, and Walter E. Oliu: [The] two meanings of grammar--how the language functions and how it ought to function--are easily confused. To clarify the distinction, consider the expression aint. Unless used intentionally to add colloquial flavor, aint is unacceptable because its use is considered nonstandard. Yet taken strictly as a part of speech, the term functions perfectly well as a verb. Whether it appears in a declarative sentence (I aint going) or an interrogative sentence (Aint I going?), it conforms to the normal pattern for all verbs in the English language. Although readers may not approve of its use, they cannot argue that it is ungrammatical in such sentences. David Crystal: Aint has had an unusual history. Its a shortened form of several words--am not, are not, is not, has not and have not. It appears in written English in the 18th century in various plays and novels, first as ant and then as aint. During the 19th century, it was widely used in representations of regional dialect, especially Cockney speech in the UK, and became a distinctive feature of colloquial American English. But when we look at who is using the form in 19th-century novels, such as those by Dickens and Trollope, we find that the characters are often professional and upper-class. Thats unusual: to find a form simultaneously used at both ends of the social spectrum. Even as recently as 1907, in a commentary on society called The Social Fetich, Lady Agnes Grove was defending aint I as respectable upper-class colloquial speech--and condemning arent I!She was in a rapidly diminishing minority. Prescriptive grammarians had taken against aint, and it would soon become unive rsally condemned as a leading marker of uneducated usage. Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck: In Present-Day English, aint is stigmatized even though linguistically it is formed by the same rule speakers use to form arent and other nonstigmatized contracted auxiliary verbs. . . . [T]here is nothing linguistically wrong with it; in fact, aint is used by many speakers in certain fixed expressions and to convey a certain rhetorical effect: It aint over yet! You aint seen nothing yet! If it aint broke, dont fix it. Norman Lewis: As linguistic scholars have frequently pointed out, it is unfortunate that aint I? is unpopular in educated speech, for the phrase fills a long-felt need. Am I not? is too prissy for down-to-earth people; amnt I? is ridiculous; and arent I?, though popular in England, has never really caught on in America. With a sentence like the one under discussion [Im your best friend, aint I?] you are practically in a linguistic trap--there is no way out unless you are willing to choose between appearing illiterate, sounding prissy, or feeling ridiculous. Traute Ewers: A correlation exists between the use of aint and social class, i.e. it is more frequent in lower-class speech. In upper-class speech it is indicative of a personal relationship and an informal situation . . . and is employed when the other person knows that the speaker is using aint for stylistic effect, rather than from ignorance or lack of education (Feagin 1979: 217). Since the form is such a strong school-induced shibboleth, informants tend to suppress it in (more formal) interview situations. Dennis E. Baron: There is still in the American popular mind a notion that aint, for all its faults, is masculine, while arent is not simply feminine, but effeminate. In Thomas Bergers novel The Feud (1983), Tony, a high school student, finds that good grammar must take a back seat to his public sexual identity. Tony defends his use of the masculine aint against his girlfriend Evas objection that it is a sign of ignorance: I dont like to talk like a girl. Somebody might think I was a pansy.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Hamlet William Shakespeare s Hamlet - 1259 Words

Omar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friends and last the pain that comes with losing a loved one. That said his action throughout the play reflects his philosophical virtues which helped with the understanding of the character. Firstly, being the brilliant writer that William Shakespeare is, he created the Hamlet play with many characters that have their own manifestation that has their own agenda. The main character Hamlet, for instance, is a extraordinary character who exerts philosophical rhapsody; As he says â€Å"Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother, Nor customary suits of solemn bla ck, Nor windy suspiration forced breath,No, nor the fruitful river in the eye, Nor the dejected ‘haviour of the visage, Together with all forms, modes, shapes of grief, that can denote me truly: . . . For they are actions that a man might play: . . . But the trapping and the suits of woe.†(Act 1, Scene 2, 77-89) That said throughout the play Hamlet will face difficult moments where even he himself can has a tough time understanding hisShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet1160 Words   |  5 PagesPart 1: Hamlet Word Count: 1000 In what ways does Shakespeare s Hamlet explore the human mind? 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ScholarsRead MoreWilliam Shakesp eare s Hamlet - Hamlet And The Ghost Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough written over 400 hundred years ago, Hamlet remains a puzzling and complex play, partially due to the ambiguous Queen Gertrude. The Queen is a puzzling character as her motives are unclear and readers question her intentions throughout the play. Townsend and Pace in The Many Faces Of Gertrude: Opening And Closing Possibilities In Classroom Talk view her â€Å"as a simple-minded, shallow woman...who has no self beyond a sexual one† while Harmonie Loberg in Queen Gertrude: Monarch, Mother, MurdererRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesTo be, or not to be; that s the question† (Act III, Scene 1, P.1127) is of the most widely circulated lines. As we all know, it is also the most important part of the drama, â€Å"Hamlet†, which is one of the most famous tragedy in the literature written by William Shakespeare between from 1599 to1602. 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One of these tragedies is his famous play Hamlet. The age of Shakespeare was a great time in English history. The reign of Queen Elizabeth saw England emerge as the leading naval and commercial power of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1163 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare was a great author, who was able to break the cast of a one-dimensional character. In his play, Hamlet, which was set in the middle ages of Denmark, he was able to represent all of the protagonist’s, Hamlet, human intricacies, creating a round character. Hamlet’s character is fascinating, due to him being complicated. He hims elf insists that he has many cognitive and logical characteristics in Act I, Scene II. We are shown this when he tells the Queen, â€Å"Seems, madam? Nay

Software Testing and School University Graduate Free Essays

Resume/CV Template Contact information Name Address Telephone Cell Phone Email Personal information Date of Birth Sex Optional personal information Marital Status Spouse’s Name Children Employment history List in chronological order, include position details and dates Work History Academic Positions Research and training Education Include dates, majors, and details of degrees, training and certification High School University Graduate School Post-Doctoral Training Professional qualifications Certifications and Accreditations Computer Skills Awards – if any Publications – if any Professional memberships – if any Interests Sample academic recommendation letter DATE: 20th August 2010 From Mr. Your professor name Lecturer, Department of Science, Your College, Chennai – 600018, India. | To whom so ever it may concern| Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Software Testing and School University Graduate or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your name was my student during his undergraduate program. He is intelligent, hardworking and motivated student. His power of assimilation and his ability to grasp new concepts is good. His enthusiasm for work was conspicuous and he is proved himself to be a natural leader. Besides, he is also good in English language skills and has taken part in many debates and other literary activities. He has bagged many prizes in state-level inter collegiate contests. I am very sure that he will put forth all his efforts into any task he confronts. His positive outlook, capability to work with peers and his willingness to learn from his experimental situation bear testimony that he will do very well in this post graduate studies in your renowned institution. I strongly recommend Mr. Your name for admission to the post graduate program of your university. 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Sample Statement of Purpose Glad to introduce myself as Mr. YOUR NAME, a Software Engineer at present, with 5 years of experience in Software Testing, Quality Analysis and Management. My career is my passion, and it holds my fullest devotion, dedication and commitment. I belong to the field of IT Services Management, which had been the dream I had, the obsession in me and the long term desire that had lingered in me for a long while. And finally, when I got into this, I could give nothing from me but the best. To add more value to the same, I have decided with the best thought of doing my Masters Degree from a reputed institution which would give me not only a degree but also a new style of learning with international standards, innovative methods of self-development skills and the ability of survival among the fittest. 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As a starting point in my career, I got employed as a Software Test Engineer with the YOUR PLOYER technologies, Chennai during the period June 2004. It was here that my zeal had taken an initial contour. I was poured with surplus opportunities around me to learn, to explore, to build, to experiment, to renovate and to give a shape to myself. I learnt the concepts of IT services practically. I gained buoyancy in myself. And with that hope I moved to Accenture YOUR EMPLOYER Pvt Ltd, Chennai during the period August 2006. I was promoted as a Senior Programmer. From that time until now, I keep on renewing myself to the changes in the technologies, to the new ways novelty, the exciting facts of Software Testing and many more. I got certified with the National Stock Exchange of India in Financial Services and Capital Markets. I got certified with the IBM Services in Rational Functional Tester tool. I got certified with the HP Services in Quality Center – Defect Management tool and the Quick Test Professional tool. I am also certified with the International Software Testing Qualification Board, as a certified Manual Software Tester. I had won the Celebrating Performance Award from Accenture thrice, for having achieved extreme satisfaction levels from the clients, building my technical skills and for the professionalism I depict in my job. But my journey towards success is still a few more miles away. I need to sparkle in my career with a Masters Degree in my relevant field – the Services Management, without which my career would not be fulfilled. For this to occur, I need your help, your support and your guidance. The Bolton University gives its students a degree with a dignified knowledge of survival amidst the global standards and also makes you learn the professional development skills in creative leadership. I wish to be a part with you to develop myself in many such areas. Therefore, I request you to accept my purpose and make me move ahead in my career with more confidence and venerable knowledge. How to cite Software Testing and School University Graduate, Essay examples

The Swing Analysis free essay sample

It is currently being displayed within the â€Å"Wallace Collection† at London, the piece its self is of a young man hidden in the bushes, watching a woman on a swing, being pushed by her elderly husband, almost hidden in the shadows, and unaware of the lover. As the lady goes high on the swing, she lets the young man take a furtive peep under her dress; all while flicking her own shoe off in the direction of a Cupid and turning her back to two angelic cherubim on the side of her husband. The Swing Analysis Elements Within this painting I find that there are four important line elements that help lead the viewer’s eyes to the three main subjects. The first two lines that are prominent within this painting is of the swing’s support ropes, they seem to form a triangle shape that seems to point to the hidden young man reaching out for the swinging girl. We will write a custom essay sample on The Swing Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clearly the artist wanted their viewers to understand that this individual was important to the main theme of the painting and he made a great choice in doing so because these two lines or ropes help reinforce the desired effect. The next two lines are attached to the support ropes of the swing and are being held by another subject that plays an important role of the main theme. These two ropes or lines form another triangle that points directly to the older husband, who is clearly an important subject within this painting and with these two triangles or four lines these two particular subjects appear to be playing a game of tug a war. The one thing that is obvious is the fact that this young lady is in between these two triangles making her appear to be the prize of the tug a war game that is being played. The artist’s color scheme seems to be of a delicate nature within their painting; it seems that the artist wanted to appeal more to the sensual rather than the intellectual because of its overall theme concept. The juicy pinks, minty greens and frothy cream color tones makes the painting almost homely like a cup cake shop. For this outdoor scene, Fragonard utilized a soft dappled sunlight filtering through the trees and backlighting them, infusing the scene with a soft, seductive glow. The light hits the young lady on the swing, highlighting her fair skin and the creamy billows of fabric that swirl around her. In contrast, other aspects of the painting remain in shadow, such as the husband, possibly referencing his being in the dark as to his wifes love affair. Clearly the artist planed the values of the painting to revolve around this young lady, thus making her the main subject within this painting. This painting’s texture seems to be a smoothing effect that clearly reinforces the main concept of this piece. The fact that the artist used small brush strokes that keeps the edges soft, gives this painting an impression of being lighthearted or happy. The form within this painting is created by the swing; it is composed in a triangular shape, with the Baron and the husband forming the base of the pyramid, and the maiden in the air at the top of the triangle, in the center of the space. She is illuminated by the soft lighting coming from above, and the fanciful trees form an oval frame for the action in the center. Principles The three subjects (The Young Lady), (The Older Husband) and (The Young Man) form a triangle but they are not equals within this painting. In fact, the young lady seems to be the dominant subject between the other two but the men of this theme seem to be equals, both in the dark and both have the same desire†¦the young woman. In my opinion, all three form a symmetrical bond between each other and gives a sense of balance within the painting. The fact that the young lady is swinging equally between the two men further proves my theory of them being a symmetrical in nature. Though, it is clear that the young lady is the main focus point within the painting because her colors scheme and contrast are much brighter than the rest of the painting’s elements, everything else is darker. The contrast between light and shadow adds to the feeling that something illicit is taking place. Each element does produce a form of movement within the painting, the young lady is much like a pendulum moving back and forth between the two men and it appears to have a steady rhythm when being viewed. It almost causes a rhythmic pattern within the painting making it easy for the viewer to gain the full concept and not overlook each element within. The painting overall seems to be pretty unified, nothing seems out of place and all of the elements visually fit together. Conclusion Judging from the style and type of clothing these three subjects are wearing this painting is from the 1700’s and is considered to be a Rococo styled painting. The clothing also revealed that this was developed during a time that Paris was wealthy and during many artists would paint in similar styles. Love was a huge subject during this era and was a popular one, the statues within this particular painting is a dead giveaway because Cupid and his angelic minions are considered to be icons or agents of love. Currently, Fragonards â€Å"The Swing† holds a dear place in the hearts of pop culture and particularly high fashion, as it serves testament to the frivolity of the Rococo era, a period that the postmodern world attempts, at times, to emulate.